The adverse effects of long term l carnitine supplementation on liver and kidney function in rats L Liu, D M Zhang, M X Wang, C Y Fan, F Zhou, S J Wang, L D Kong, 2015 Protective effects of l carnitine on isoprenaline induced heart and kidney dysfunctions: Modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress related gene expression in rats ScienceDirect Understanding the Role of Carnitine in TPN and IDPN Therapy Early research into L carnitine was often cited as underwhelming, showing negligible changes in muscle carnitine content and fat loss outcomes. However, these findings may have been limited by a short study window Medium chain fatty acid oxidation is independent of l carnitine in liver and kidney but not in heart and skeletal muscle American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology American Physiological Society The effects of L carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and dose response meta analysis ScienceDirect